Employee Relations And The Workplace - 947 Words

It is common in a workplace to face concerns, problems or complaints raised by an employee about a college or manager that they have to work with. The main goal is to maintain a harmonious and productive work environment and to avoid any grievances that can lead to an Employment tribunal. Managers should be able to preserve the employee relations and to be proactive when dealing with workplace issues. Advices It is quite reasonable when a new Manager is appointed to a Company to require some time to create bonds and a work relationship with the other employees. Especially when the Manager is appointed from outside the company, could be even more difficult for him to adopt to the culture and for the employees to become acclimated with the new ways of the Manager. As a result, friction between the Manager and the employees could be raised. First, a new Manager should be able and have the time to understand the culture of the business, the way that procedures are followed and the structure of the company. Culture being one of the most important aspect of an organisation is difficult to change, as people are used to do things in a certain way. It would be preferable that the Manager should try to adjust any new changes that wants to implement with the support of all the employees. Being in a manufacturing business it is even more complicated to change the routine that people follow, as the procedures at some departments are more standardised. In parallel, a Manager that isShow MoreRelatedEmployee Relations And The Workplace956 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction ‘Employee relations’ is a term used to refer to a study of the rules, regulation, and agreements used to manage workers either as a collective group or as individuals (Leat, 2008, p. 3; Waiganjo Nge the, 2012). Conflict at the workplace is the inevitable issues that stem from interaction between employees and employers. On the other hand, a strike is an industrial action and a collective way in which employees voice their dispute once negotiations do not bear fruits. According toRead MoreThe Importance Of Employee Well Being For Employees1483 Words   |  6 Pagesposition of employees, employee well-being has become an issue that cannot be simply swept away (Vanhala Tuomi, 2003). According to Bakker (2015) employee well-being is one of the most popular researched area among organisational psychologist. Further Grant, Christianson Price (2007) comment that employee well-being is a hot topic in organisational life and that organisations are seriously investing in emplo yee well-being strategies. We begin by defining what employee well-being is in orderRead MoreEssay Employee Relations1425 Words   |  6 Pagesapproaches and definitions of what employee relations is. â€Å"Employee relations is a common title for the industrial relations function within personnel management and is also sometimes used as an alternative label for the academic field of â€Å"industrial relations†. The term underlines the fact that industrial relations is not confined to the study of trade unions but embraces the broad pattern of employee management, including systems of direct communication and employee involvement that targets the individualRead MoreThe Role Of Hrm Management Of Employee Rights On The Culture Of An Organization1141 Words   |  5 PagesEmployee Relations HRM ought to comprehend, and design strategies that create a welcoming workplace anchored in a specific but evolving company culture. An analysis of employee relations reveals one challenge: how does HRM management of employee rights influence the culture of an organization? This paper will focus on several aspects of employee relations: (1) rights and responsibilities, (2) employee involvement strategies, (3) arbitration and mediation. The influence of HRM management of employeeRead MoreRecruitment And Selection Process For A Job Essay1474 Words   |  6 Pagesability tests http://www.tutor2u.net/business/reference/ Employee relations and Employee engagement The term employee relations was conceived as a replacement for the term industrial relations, although historically the term was interpreted to refer to how collective relationships are conducted between employers and their workforce. Today’s interpretation is much wider and refers to individuals as well as collective relationships in the workplace, so this reflects the increasing individualisation ofRead MoreEmployee Relations Issues1696 Words   |  7 PagesEmployee Relations Issues Individual Research Project Employee Relations Issues By Oksana Kirsanova GB520: Strategic Human Resources Management Kaplan University April 25, 2011 Abstract Abstract The aim of this report was to explore the problems and trends of Employee Relations and learn how the right approach can control organizational success. If a small amount of time is spent on implementing an effective performance management system within a company then it can lead to a large impact onRead MoreHuman Resource Management620 Words   |  3 PagesHow employees are managed in an organization is important to the workflow of the workplace. Human resource management has several roles that encompass employee management, which include staffing, employee relations, training, benefits, and workplace safety. These roles are vital to the success of an organization. Human resource management in the health care industry is especially important because this department is responsible for hiring the best and most qualified health care workers. The abilityRead MoreHas the Development of Human Resource Management Practices Replaced the Need for Trade Unions? Discuss.1672 Words   |  7 Pagesbeen a central part of the Australian workplace. The workplace however has changed over the past two decades and it is possible that the role of trade unions within the workplace has been replaced by the introduction of Human Resource Management (HRM) practices. As stated by Leigh, 2005 â€Å"from 1914 until 1980, at least two in five workers were members of a union† and unionism was therefore for the most part the dominant approach, in terms of employment relations. However current membership is at aroundRead MoreThe Protection For Women s Employment And Health During Pregnancy Essay1683 Words   |  7 Pageswomen’s employment and health during pregnancy. Among the complexities of gender equality is the question as to what extent our society adopts fairness when dealing with pregnancy of women in the workplace. Although the legislature has implemented many initiatives in support of pregnant women in the workplace, the question that arises is that, is it suffic iently implemented or has it been drawn up and not put to practical use. The primary purpose of this paper is to explore issues in determining theRead MoreEmployee Industrial Relations and Strategic Hrm1301 Words   |  6 PagesEmployee industrial relations strategic HRM Employee industrial relations and strategic HRM plays an important role in how the organization manages its resources. There are many aspects of industrial relations and strategic HRM that impact employees. Following are few major ones. Engaging employees: Employee engagement is very important aspect of Industrial relations and strategic HRM. Employee engagement means putting employees first. As mentioned in an interview with Gary Burkett (managing

Values Essay Hnc Social Care - 1505 Words

Values In this assignment I will be discussing how my own personal value base impacts on Social Care Values and goals of my agency. I will also discuss how I have looked at anti-discriminatory practice, what values are involved and how I promote this in my own workplace. I will be identifying legislation and how this influences my practice as a worker. I believe that a value is something that is important to an individual and the values that I believe in play a very important role in my life. My values are greatly influenced by my family. My values include family, health, being respectful and non-judgmental. I also value my daughter, my friends and being honest. I believe that a value is something that you should assign love and†¦show more content†¦I believe this is important as it allows the individual to be able to do what they want and acknowledges that everyone is different and has different interests and tastes. Dignity within a caring role is also a very important value within my organisation as it gives the individual the right to be treated with dignity and respect at all times. It allows each individuals care needs to be met in an honourable and person centred way. I believe that my own personal values have influenced the way in which I work and I am guided by the national care standards to fulfil these values ev en further. Anti-discriminatory practice is an action taken to prevent discrimination against people, in this case, service users, on the grounds of disability, gender, race or religion etc. It allows practice within a care setting to promote equality and diversity. By having an anti-discriminatory policy within my organisation it allows for good practice and prevents discrimination against individuals on the basis of physical or mental disability, general health, religion or cognitive ability. I believe that by understanding each individual’s personal care needs or wishes, we are able to prevent discrimination against them. For example if a service user has a sight impairment, it is good practice to ensure that any group work activity that is available for the day they attend day service, is catered around their ownShow MoreRelatedHNC Social Care Values and Principles Essay1154 Words   |  5 PagesHNC SOCIAL CARE VALUES ESSAY This essay will examine how social care values and principles influence practice. My own value base was influenced by my parents and extended family initially. As I was growing up teachers and peers also influenced my values. Amongst some of the values I live my life by are having self-respect and being respectful of others; being trustworthy, honest and truthful; being non-judgemental. I was always encouraged to work hard and do well at school which would help meRead MoreHnc Social Care Values Essay2444 Words   |  10 PagesValues are standards and principals by which we live our lives. These standards are many and often depend on people`s background e.g. Culture, class, religion, gender, age. Values are extremely individual attitudes that direct people`s responses to the world around them. Amongst some of the values I live my life by and respect are privacy allowing me to have space to myself and respecting the fact that others may desire privacy, to be safe and also allowing oth ers the same, having self respect, beingRead MoreEssay about Social Care Theory for Practice1426 Words   |  6 PagesSOCIAL CARE THEORY FOR PRACTICE (OUTCOME 1) ASSESSMENT 1 (1500 words approx.) (12th October 2012) Coco J Hendry Page 1 Introduction Page 2 – 5 Assessment Page 6 Conclusion Page 7 Reference/Bibliography 1 The following essay will demonstrate my understanding of the importance and relevance of values to social care by explaining how social care values and principles influence practice. I will then explain what relationship my value base has with social care valuesRead MoreCase Study: Applying Maslows Hierarchy of Needs to Team Building1218 Words   |  5 Pagesinformation from the various units I have covered throughout my HNC Social Care studies, with particular consideration given to the values on which The Scottish Government’s [TSG] ‘National Care Standards’ (2005) were created. The British Association of Social Workers (2012) tell us that these ‘values’ can be regarded as particular types of beliefs that people hold about what is regarded as worthy or valuable. In social care, these values consist of Dignity, Privacy, Choice, Safety, Realising PotentialRead MoreHnc Social Care Essay4439 Words   |  18 PagesHNC Social Care Booklet of Assessments This document contains all the assessment information you will need for the HNC Social Care. They are collated in chronological order with the lecturer responsible (where this is known) identified on the assessment. It is up to the learner to ensure that the assessment is handed in by the deadline. The assessment schedule will be posted on the moodle site. All work should be word processed and include appropriate references both in mainRead MorePsychology For Social Care Practice Essay2185 Words   |  9 Pagesï » ¿This essay will demonstrate my understanding of developments which occur at each stage of an individuals life cycle. I will relate these developments to two relevant psychological theories and discuss how an individuals needs must be met to enable them to develop. The human life cycle can be broken down into 5 basic stages (Bingham et al. 2009); Infancy - 0-2 years Childhood - 2-12 years Adolescence - 12-21 years Adulthood - 21-65 years Older Adulthood - 65+ years During each stage of the lifeRead MoreChallenges Facing International Talent Diversity Essay3170 Words   |  13 PagesIntroduction Ans 1. Challenges face by Pedi Cepat Scarcity of international talent Cultural Values Workforce Diversity Labour Relations How Pedi Cepat dealt with it Cultural Values Cultural differences in business can be a boundary to effective sales and new associations, yet in the meantime they can be the way to open the right entry ways in the event that you know how to function with them. Frequently, when getting ready for a worldwide expansion, a business focuses on the variables that can withoutRead MoreCase Study : Padi Cepat A Malaysian Company That Is Concerned About The Future Growth Essay3260 Words   |  14 Pageschallenges that would be faced by Padi Cepat are discussed in case study and the planning for to recruit expatriate overseas. Ans 1. Challenges face by Pedi Cepat Scarcity of international talent Cultural Values Workforce Diversity Labour Relations How Pedi Cepat dealt with it Cultural Values Cultural differences in business can be a boundary to effective sales and new associations, yet in the meantime they can be the way to open the right entry ways in the event that you know how to function withRead MoreReport on time management, SWOT analysis, learning styles and essay and report writing7192 Words   |  29 Pagesï » ¿A Report on Time Management, SWOT Analysis, Learning styles and report and essay writing Written by: Natasha Haley Written for: Graham Pogson Date: 11/10/13 Professional Development Planning C57PD Borders Business Programme, Year 1 Contents Section Page Number 1. Summary 2. Introduction 3. Findings 2.1 Time Management 2.2 SWOT Analysis 2.3 Learning styles 2.4 Report and essay writing 4. Conclusion 5. References 6. Bibliography 7. Appendices 3.1.1 Estimate

Service Level Assessment Resource Management free sample

Question: Discuss about theService Level Assessmentfor Resource Management. Answer: Introduction For the consist development of an effective Service Level Assessment, some of the significant criteria need to be established. This step includes Availability, Privacy of organizational data, Disaster Recovery as well as Resource Management. When this criterion is established, then there is a need to critically evaluate the cloud services and different data services associated. For every fresh Cloud Model Service and Service Level Agreement, Assessment procedure should be performed. This report includes the study about several apects of cloud computing, which are required for the payroll system of Child Protection. This report includes assessments required on the Service Level Agreement Assessment and Techanical Management are also discussed in this study. This paper also includes the necessities of Remote Administration, Resource Management, and SLA Assessment. This study also include Application Resilience, Disaster Recovery as well as a backup plan for the Child Protection organiz ation of its payroll system as well as for its data file exchange services. Service Level Assessment guidelines to evaluate the SLA Assessment for the selected service providers. This study can evaluate as well as to compare the quality of several Cloud Computing frameworks to meet the business requirements. Stability of the cloud model utililized by Child Protection for its payroll and file exchange system. Remote Administration, Resource Management, and SLA Remote Administration Remote Administration is required to control the computer from anywhere and at any time. The software which is utilized for the remote administration or assessing is popular and famous as in case the client is not in front of the PC or computer; then they can work on that system from their current location only (Thompson, 2015). It improves its capacities by incorporating itself into the cloud computing that provides some additional advantages for Child Protection organization's and its representatives to handle its work operations and they operate their desktop from anyplace and at any time. They give additional power to the clients so that they can access the essential data from anywhere (Ratick, Meacham, Aoyama, 2008). Resource Management Resource management alludes to effective as well as efficient allotment and preparation of an organizations resources whenever required. The (RM) Resource management framework has three essential components such as its implementation, its usage, and its expenses. Resource management refers to different resources like human resources, finance resources, distribution resources as well as project resources and it appears like as the main aspect of the project management. The Child Protection organization is expecting and demanding the suitable service from its vendor (Samarapungavan, Mantzicopoulos, Patrick, French, 2009). As the organization, Child Protection requires a Cloud Resource Management to overcome the complex issues of its payroll system. The main motive of RM is to enhance the customer satisfaction and the payroll system for billing as well as enhance the profit margin of the organization. To upgrade these points and to achieve the profits Child Protection requires an effec tive Resource Management procedure. SLA Management The documented contract between the Child Protection and cloud service vendor is known as the (SLA Assessment) Service Level Agreement Assessment. This contract includes which type of cloud administration and additional cloud advantages, the administration supplier will provide for Child Protection (Gonzalez Helvik, 2013). This contract likewise clarifies the penalties and punishments which will be forced on the service supplier if they neglect to convey the guaranteed services, which is specified in the SLA agreement and penalty will be surely paid to the Child Protection with no more inquiries ("Cognitive Perspectives on SLA: The Associative-Cognitive CREED", 2006). Fig 1: Cisco IP Service Level Agreement Video Operation Source: cisco.com Disaster Recovery, Resilience, and Data Backup Disaster Recovery Cloud suppliers ought to offer client documentation with recognizing their server protection techniques in the Child Protection. Customers should always be careful about its Disaster recovery procedure to investigate the scope of data security preparations provided by the supplier (Application of Natural Disaster Information for Supply Chain Resilience, 2015). The entire disaster recovery process includes five different phases: Collection and Assessment of data Appropriate selection of cloud provider Build a Management Plan Cost Estimation Logistic Needs Resilience The resiliency procedure is projected when the designing of the cloud project is displayed, and it creates the connection between the different data centers for the disaster recovery as well as disaster plan. It alludes to the ability of the entire data center, storage framework and server. It is utilized to rapidly recuperate the data or information. Resilience works only when the disappointment of hardware has occurred, and there is a lack of different sorts of interruptions. By enabling the internal framework and constituents in the data, center resilience is received (Lin Huang, 2016). Data Backup Data backup alludes to an interior procedure for the cloud-based PCs. The procedure and tool which is needed as well as utilized to backup important or essential data are known as RAID 6. When users are going to compare this disaster recovery procedure as well as data backup procedure, data backup procedure seem like a more convenient procedure as the retention time in data backup is very high on Child Protection. It also has a broad drive failure along with huge fault tolerance. Data Backup is the faster as well as suitable way, which is the main reason as to why many vendors select it as a backup plan for their significant data (Platt, Brown, Hughes, 2016). SLA Assessment SLA or the Service-Level Agreement is the accord between two or more parties, where one is the service provider and another one is the customer. The SLA assessment might include the different organizations and associations as well as different groups and teams within one association and organization. The Internal division relationship of the organization in which legally bound informal or formal contracts are signed. Different contracts signed between the customer and the service supplier are frequently known as the SLAs. The levels or stages of the services are always setups by the client, and there is no agreement with the third party. The authorization of the approach to entering the assets can be surely attained by implementing an SLA with the help of various cloud services. SLA has helped the service provider in increasing their quality of service for managing their infrastructure and nonviolent methodology of business management. This report focuses on preparing a study report on several factors and components of risks or threats while building up the cloud architecture framework in the organization. Several unique models, as well as different procedures, can be utilized to perform the brief analysis of the different risk factors which the cloud system faced. The probability of the system failure is equal in each and every system. Therefore, storage system as well as cloud computing ought to have a contingency arrangement for the recovery of the faulty system. The administrator and the owner of the organization who is representing the Child Protection management framework need to guarantee the data storage and access within the cloud model. Attributes responsible for the failure of the system ought to be checked completely and according to the requirem ent, proper changes in the substitute arrangements are done. In a systematic administration cloud computing as well as its risk analysis plays a vital role. This analysis of various risk factors helps organizations management and there is a less probability of the dangers in the designing or planning of cloud models in the Child Protection. Conclusion In this study, it has been concluded that the Child Protection requires an additional assessment to understand the technical management as well as SLA. It has also been concluded that the organizations payroll system and data file exchange system can be replaced effectively with the cloud-based payroll system. Cloud computing is the advanced sort of data storage and analysis to secure an organizations data. This report helps to analyze the several steps which Child Protection must follow to implement the cloud storage framework. References Application of Natural Disaster Information for Supply Chain Resilience. (2015). Journal Of Disaster Research, 10(sp), 783-786. Cognitive Perspectives on SLA: The Associative-Cognitive CREED. (2006). AILA Review, 19, 100-121. Gonzalez, A. Helvik, B. (2013). SLA success probability assessment in networks with correlated failures. Computer Communications, 36(6), 708-717. Granfeldt, J. Agren, M. (2014). SLA developmental stages and teachers' assessment of written French: Exploring Direkt Profil as a diagnostic assessment tool. Language Testing, 31(3), 285-305. Lin, G. Huang, F. (2016). Research on Database Remote Disaster Recovery and Backup Technology Based on Multi Point and Multi Hop. IJDTA, 9(6), 265-274. Platt, S., Brown, D., Hughes, M. (2016). Measuring resilience and recovery. International Journal Of Disaster Risk Reduction. Ratick, S., Meacham, B., Aoyama, Y. (2008). Locating Backup Facilities to Enhance Supply Chain Disaster Resilience. Growth And Change, 39(4), 642-666. Samarapungavan, A., Mantzicopoulos, P., Patrick, H., French, B. (2009). The Development and Validation of the Science Learning Assessment (SLA): A Measure of Kindergarten Science Learning. Journal Of Advanced Academics, 20(3), 502-535. Thompson, A. (2015). Are Your Participants Multilingual? The Role of Self-assessment in SLA Research. Language In Focus, 1(1). Wang, J. Hou, W. (2011). The Feasibility of Researching Computer Network Data Backup and Disaster Recovery. AMR, 219-220, 107-111.

Management and Leadership Essay Example Essay Example

Management and Leadership Essay Example Paper Management and Leadership Essay Introduction For this report I will describe how Effective Communication is key within management. Effective communication between a manager and team is important as a manager’s job is 90% communication. Effective communication is really important within a team as it plays a part in the everyday running of a setting; effective communication helps to establish clear expectations for employees and with parents. Effective communication also gives staff members clear expectations which will convey how their performance will impact the setting, for example when a manager is briefing a team they need to be prepared, be clear, they should keep it simple and be vivid and natural. Effective communication helps managers build strong relationships within the team and parents. Effective organizational communication skills will help with team work and the ability for the employees at all levels to work together to achieve goals within the setting and also to help to achieve company goals, Effective com munication is essential to the success of any organization. Management and Leadership Essay Body Paragraphs There are various skills needed for good management, some skills are learned others are instilled as part of that’s persons nature; employees respond more enthusiastically to a leader they feel confident in. On a more basic level an effective manager in an early years setting needs to ensure good lines of communication are open between themselves and the members of their team, is capable of creating an atmosphere that is comfortable, i. e. a family atmosphere’ builds trust in the team, maintains confidentiality, represent the views of the team, find out what motivates the team and be supportive. An effective manager in an early years setting also needs to be approachable, involve staff so they can arrive at joint decisions in the welfare of the children in their care, delegate tasks to staff and allow them to decide how to achieve them which in turn will give the team members a feeling of empowerment, enabling them to set their own objectives and achieve them. Teamwork within any setting is paramount; within in my own setting I find that communication is key , myself and the manager will meet and discuss the team on a daily basis as each member of staff are at different development stages within the setting. As a deputy manager my ability to manage the team to achieve organisational goals and objectives is analysed by being reflective as a manager as well as being supportive of the individuals, I consider myself to be a positive role model in encouraging the individuals of my team to continue their professional evelopment in a bid to keep them motivated and keep their knowledge up to date. As I myself continually embark on further education this in turn gives my team the incentive to do so themselves. Everyone in my setting is undertaking some form of professional development for example level 2’s are training towards level 3 and level 3’s towards a degree. As stated by June Sullivan (2003) ‘it is important for a manger to deve lop a trusting relationship with all members of the team. Successful teams will thrive on mutual trust, so it is vital to establish this early on by delegation, open conduct and communication and a free exchange of ideas’ page 11 Developing individuals as well as the team is an important fact to consider as the setting achieves effectiveness with the individuals that are part of a team where the setting is aware of the individual’s different learning styles and personalities. The team is empowered to effectively manage quality in our setting to meet the children’s and their family needs which is ultimately the settings goals and objectives. This is done through giving the team responsibility for certain aspects of the day to day running of the setting for example each member of the team has a specific area within the setting which they own and develop and each team member is a key person for a number of individual children which gives them the opportunity to dev elop relationships with children and their families children to meet their needs. Teamwork is also essential within in the setting as we have children that have different level of needs these needs range from speech and language, dietary requirements and we also meet with external agencies to help families that need extra support. Finding out what motivates the team is a useful tool to acquire a manger needs to beware of what makes individual staff members tick. The opportunities for on-going training of themselves and staff is also a motivator if the team members see the manager embarking on professional development this in turn will encourage and enthuse the individuals to embark on future professional development for themselves. A good manager and leader willin still their own values within the team and introduce newcomers to these values, however a manager should be open to new and innovated ideas that a new team member could bring into the setting. Everyone should be encouraged to participate in contributing their ideas, values and opinions within staff meetings and informal discussions to ensure the element of management power is removed, which in turn will make parents feel comfortable about their children’s welfare as good lines of communication will open from all angles. The difference between a leader and a manager is defined in the following text ‘managers do things right’ whilst leaders do the right thing’ there is a fine line between the kind of approach that is necessary in an early years environment and in my opinion, leadership is the approach we need to adopt as managers in an early years setting as managers require the co-operation of their team members. Leadership involves getting the best out of people and remembering everyone has something to offer, strong leaders should be in a position of inspiring people, building confidence and supporting colleagues to achieve their full potential. Managers should also be awa re that’s individuals have different learning styles; cognitive psychologist Howard Gardner (1985) identified seven styles of learning which apply to adults as well as children, the main ways in which we learn as individuals are visually, kinesthetically and through auditory means. Leadership in an a early years setting requires the manager to have personal qualities such as being kind, warm and friendly, patient, sympathetic and nurturing, knowledgeable, logical and assertive and be prepared to become a mentor who guides the staff. There is clear evidence of the relationship between how staff are managed and how they perform, the deeper the commitment of the staff to their organisations, the better their performance will be, it is essential that a manger leads by example. The manager must be able to build and lead the team and cope with the day to day management issues. The manager must also act as the public face of the nursery (Jameson and Watson, 1988) Team development re quires both strong leadership from the manager and commitment from team members; a good team is made up from individuals who are valued, managers need to analyse how they can involve their teams in the process and look and find ways to motivate them, as a manger you need to be open to ideas but should also look at the strengths and weakness off individual team members and what works best for them as each member has different strengths and weakness and as a manger you should work on this with them and get the team involved in helping each other develop by offering support and guidance as it helps to build effective teams. Also a good relationship with your team will ensure that they form good relationships with the children and their parents and are enthusiastic about new challenges, have confidence to make improvements to the practice when needed. The team is developed with in house training, staff meetings, appraisals to name a few examples, however in my opinion emotional intellig ence and communication is key to achieving these goals, by focussing on the needs of the team and giving direction which supports and challenges, we will be developing a culture of openness, mutual respect and honesty within the team working towards achieving the goals and objectives of the setting. Teams are encouraged in staff meetings to be reflective and build on their reflections, by being reflective they can observe how they could handle situations more effectively to promote even more effective practice and feel empowered as a team because they are making their own decisions alongside each other as well as individually. Developing teams is key to achieving tasks in the workplace and an essential skill for a manager to possess as a manager I endeavour to ensure I have a clear purpose and display a positive image to engage in mutual trust and respect between my team and myself to achieve the settings goals and objectives. Also a level of commitment is important to a team, it is also essential that there is good communication with in the team in order that it can be effective. The team is aware of their roles and responsibilities and are encouraged to communicate effectively, make decisions, manage change and be reflective in practice and engage in sustained shared thinking within the setting. As a deputy manager my management style is slightly autocratic where I make the decisions myself and I find I take on all the responsibly of trying to do everything myself, I only ask my colleagues to do a task for me when I find I don’t have the time to do it, it has taken me a while to realize that this not good for me or my team and I have decided to change my approach and involve my team more in the decision making and delegating tasks so I hope this will instil a sense of responsibility within the team. While writing this report I did an exercise set out for based on Belbin team roles inventory where you score yourself and see what type of team worker you are, my highest score was in team worker where it describes that a team worker is sociable, rather mild, sensitive, co-operative. My second highest score was shaper where it describes that a shaper can be highly strung, thrives on pressure and challenging and my third was completer finisher where it describes that a completer finisher is orderly, conscientious and anxious. After doing this task I took time to reflect and I am all of the above and more, I do get anxious and can be highly strung and am rather sensitive, these are things I need to work on when I am leading my team. I also found that to be an effective manager in an early years setting it requires a leadership style that is collaborative and to be supportive of colleagues. For this report I had to make an action plan for myself to develop my own management skills and how I would action these I took in to account the Belbin task and I reflected on how I manage my team on a day to day basis and how I could work better wi th my own manager to improve my skills. (See Appendix A) I hope this will be a positive move and am hoping it will make the working environment a better place for all. Being a leader involves getting the best out of people and seeing what strengths that they possess and supporting them in their development needs. We will write a custom essay sample on Management and Leadership Essay Example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Management and Leadership Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Management and Leadership Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Kafkas The Metamorphosis as an existential exercise.

Kafkas The Metamorphosis as an existential exercise. Sisyphus Shrugged:Symbolic Alienation in The MetamorphosisThe grotesque world is and is not our own world. The ambiguous way in which we are affected by it results from our awareness that the familiar and apparently harmonious world is alienated under the impact of abysmal forces, which break it up and shatter its coherence. Wolfgang KayserModernity has added irony to injury. The study of the humanities is intended to bridge something inescapable in the human condition: the fundamental alienation of the individual. The keen reader of literature will gradually grow familiar with the unifying substance that binds peoples of all times and cultures. Joseph Campbell, quite famous for his work in mythology, says that storytelling is "the secret opening through which the inexhaustible energies of the cosmos pour into human cultural manifestation" (3). Apparently, it is through our (that is, mankind's) use of symbols that we tap our humanity, and our universal experience.Gregor Robertson, Founder of Happy PlanetWhen symbolic imagery is used, whether or not it is used consciously, it is an appeal to dream, and thus an appeal to the psychological fabric that we all share. Of course, that's the way it's supposed to be. Existentialism, nihilism, and Marxism are all viable alternative philosophies that celebrate, if a nihilist can be said to celebrate anything at all, in man's alienation. These darker, strikingly modern philosophies are well applied to The Metamorphosis, though a formalistic approach to the book's symbols does in fact help illustrate their themes.Gregor Samsa does not fit conveniently fit Campbell's archetype of the hero. The reason for this should be clear: Gregor is not a typical hero. He is rather the unwilling, perhaps unwitting antihero in an absurd circus that is the modern world. Gregor's world, as well as the world of many existentialists, exists...

Biography of Olympe de Gouges, French Activist

Biography of Olympe de Gouges, French Activist Olympe de Gouges (born Marie Gouze; May 7, 1748–November 3, 1793) was a French writer and activist who promoted womens rights and the abolition of slavery. Her most famous work was the Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen, the publication of which resulted in Gouges being tried and convicted of treason. She was executed in 1783 during the Reign of Terror. Fast Facts: Olympe de Gouges Known For: Gouges was a French activist who fought for womens rights; she wrote the Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female CitizenAlso Known As: Marie GouzeBorn: May 7, 1748 in Montauban, FranceDied: November 3, 1793 in Paris, FrancePublished Works: Letter to the People, or Project for a Patriotic Fund (1788), Patriotic Remarks (1789), Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen (1791)Spouse: Louis Aubry (m.  1765-1766)Children: Pierre Aubry de GougesNotable Quote: Woman is born free and lives equal to man in her rights. Social distinctions can be based only on the common utility. Early Life Olympe de Gouges was born on May 7, 1748, in southwestern France. At the age of 16, she was married against her wishes to a man named Louis Aubry, who died a year later. De Gouges moved to Paris in 1770, where she started a theater company and became involved in the growing abolitionist movement. Plays After joining the theater community in Paris, Gouges began writing her own plays, many of which dealt explicitly with issues such as slavery, male-female relations, childrens rights, and unemployment. Gouges was critical of French colonialism and used her work to draw attention to social ills. Her work, however, was often met with hostile criticism and ridicule from the male-dominated literary establishment. Some critics even questioned whether she was the true author of the works to which shed signed her name. Activism From 1789- beginning with the French Revolution and the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen- until 1944, French women were not allowed to vote, meaning they did not have the full rights of citizenship. This was the case even though women were active in the French Revolution, and many assumed that such rights were theirs by virtue of their participation in that historic liberation struggle. Gouges, a playwright of some note at the time of the Revolution, spoke for not only herself but many of the women of France when in 1791 she wrote and published the Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Citizen. Modeled after the 1789 Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen by the National Assembly, Gouges declaration echoed the same language and extended it to women. As many feminists have done since then, Gouges both asserted womans capability to reason and make moral decisions and pointed to the feminine virtues of emotion and feeling. A woman was not simply the same as a man; she was his equal partner. The French version of the titles of the two declarations makes this mirroring a bit clearer. In French, Gouges manifesto was the Dà ©claration des Droits de la Femme et de la Citoyenne―not just woman contrasted with man, but citoyenne contrasted with citoyen. Unfortunately, Gouges assumed too much. She assumed she had the right to even act as a member of the public and to assert the rights of women by authoring such a declaration. She violated boundaries that most of the revolutionary leaders wanted to preserve. Among the most controversial ideas in Gouges Declaration was the assertion that women, as citizens, had the right to free speech, and therefore had the right to reveal the identity of the fathers of their children―a right that women of the time were not assumed to have. She assumed a right of children born out of legitimate marriage to full equality to those born in marriage: this called into question the assumption that only men had the freedom to satisfy their sexual desire outside of marriage, and that such freedom on the part of men could be exercised without fear of corresponding responsibility. It also called into question the assumption that only women were agents of reproduction―men, Gouges proposal implied, were also part of the reproduction of society, and not just political, rational citizens. If men were seen sharing the reproduction role, perhaps women should be members of the political and public sphere of society. Death For refusing to be silent on the rights of women―and for associating with the wrong side, the Girondists, and criticizing the Jacobins, as the Revolution became embroiled in new conflicts―Olympe de Gouges was arrested in July 1793, four years after the Revolution began. She was sent to the guillotine in November of that year and was beheaded. A contemporary report of her death said: Olympe de Gouges, born with an exalted imagination, mistook her delirium for an inspiration of nature. She wanted to be a man of state. She took up the projects of the perfidious people who want to divide France. It seems the law has punished this conspirator for having forgotten the virtues that belong to her sex. In the midst of a revolution to extend rights to more men, Olympe de Gouges had the audacity to argue that women, too, should benefit. Her contemporaries were clear that her punishment was, in part, for forgetting her proper place and violating the boundaries set for women. Legacy Gouges ideas continued to influence women in France and abroad after her death. Her essay Declaration of the Rights of Woman was reprinted by like-minded radicals, inspiring Mary Wollstonecrafts Vindication of the Rights of Woman in 1792. Americans were inspired by Gouges as well; during the 1848 Womens Rights Convention at Seneca Falls, activists produced the Declaration of Sentiments, an expression of female empowerment that borrowed from Gouges style. Sources Duby, Georges, et al.  Emerging Feminism from Revolution to World War. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1995.Roessler, Shirley Elson.  Out of the Shadows: Women and Politics in the French Revolution, 1789-95. Peter Lang, 2009.Scott, Joan Wallach.  Only Paradoxes to Offer: French Feminists and the Rights of Man. Harvard University Press, 2004.

LAW OF BUSINESS LEASES Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 1

LAW OF BUSINESS LEASES - Term Paper Example This holistic way covers the nurses’ responsibility and attitude when providing emotional support; when providing support in the form of information and their capacity to provide practical support (Liu, Mok & Wong, 2006). Jean Watson, an expert in the field of nursing, emphasizes that the concept of caring is more of a science than an art or a professional skill (Watson, 2003). Watson defines caring as the science that entails a human science oriented humanitarian process of taking care of others, in a manner which demonstrates the evidence of arts, science and humanities in the delivery of care services (Watson, 2003). The Macmillan dictionary (online) defines care as, being interested in someone and wanting them to be well and happy (Care [Def. 1], 2014). The word caring is a derivative of the word ‘care’, which came from the old English world caru, cearu – meaning anxiety, sorrow, and grief. The word is also believed to have emanated from the Proto-Germanic word ‘karo’, which means severe mental attention or the reality of mental burdens. The word is believed to have evolved from the different origins in a variety of ways, including that in English it implies the lamentation, cry or the grief of a person. From the world of poetry – the concept of caring has been communicated and emphasized by different writers, including the writing of the physician-poet William Carlos; the writer emphasizes the importance of caring and the way it is communicated through poetry. The lines drawn from the poem present a paradox which is very useful to the experience of clinicians, especially those who care for the dying and the terminally ill. From the first statement, â€Å"it is difficult – to get the news from poems† is self-explanatory; the statement appears to emphasize the fact that poetry offers people little or no hard data (Coulehan & Clary, 2005). The emphasis is that poetry does not provide useful information about recent

Entrepreneurship Assignment Question 1 (2000 words) Breaking up the Essay

Entrepreneurship Assignment Question 1 (2000 words) Breaking up the market into segments by the Entrepreneur can be the - Essay Example Table of Contents Executive Summary 2 Introduction 4 Literature Review 5 Critical Analysis 7 Conclusion 10 Reference List 11 Introduction The early definitions of entrepreneurship given by economist are seen to emphasize on risk, ownership, supply of financial capital and co-ordination of various factors. However, entrepreneurship is seen as the efforts made by an individual that goes against every odds towards converting a vision into successful business enterprise. Entrepreneurship is the search for some discontinuous opportunities that are involved towards creation of an organization or sub organization in the expectation of creating value for the participants. Entrepreneur is a person or a group of individuals who identifies opportunities, collects necessary resources and makes effort towards the performance of the organization (Gungaphul and Boolaky, 2009). In order to make a business venture successful the entrepreneurs need to choose a proper target market (Crane, 2007). Targe t market is defined as the specific group of customers towards whom the marketing effort created by the firm is directed. It is selected as a part from the whole market. Defining the target market correctly is a critical element in creating a successful marketing strategy. It may be a disaster if marketing plans are made to cater to wrong target customers. Employees and manager are seen to focus on providing value to the well-defined segment of target customers (Gitman and McDaniel, 2008). Entrepreneurs with exciting ideas and innovative product and services often forget about focusing towards right customers. This study focuses on critical analysis of the importance of choosing right target market for success of entrepreneurs. Literature Review Defining target market Business firms and entrepreneurs tempted to describe the target in the broadest and best possible way in which they look for including a large set of customers who can be huge potentials in using the services and produ cts. By doing this they get a huge comfort by the sense that they have a huge market to exploit. But in reality this is seen to provide very little genuine information based on which business decisions will be made. This insists the need for identifying a particular market segment that would provide a more exact description of distinct and meaningful components of the overall market which in turn helps in identification of target market of the business based on certain specific characteristics (Abrams, 2003). However, while defining the target market certain criteria needs to be met, like it needs to be definable which signifies that specific characteristics should be identified based on the requirement and needs of the customers that are in common. It has to be meaningful, which signifies that the characteristic should be as such that it is related to the decision of purchase made by the clients. The target market needs to be sizable which signifies that the target market needs to be large enough so that it can help the profitably sustain in the market (Barringer and Ireland, 2008). The target market should be reachable which signifies that the size and definition should be as such

International Rugby Board and Rugby Football Essay Example for Free

International Rugby Board and Rugby Football Essay Rugby football (also known as rugby) is either of two current sports, either rugby league or rugby union, or any of a number of sports through history descended from a common form of football developed in different areas of the United Kingdom. Rugby union, or simply Rugby, is a full contact team sport, a form of football which originated in England in the early 19th century. One of the codes of rugby football, it is based on running with the ball in hand. It is played with an oval-shaped ball, outdoors on a level field, usually with a grass surface, up to 100 metres (330 ft) long and 70 metres (230 ft) wide. On each goal line are H-shaped goal posts. The origin of rugby football is reputed to be an incident during a game of English school football at Rugby School in 1823 when William Webb-Ellis is said to have picked up the ball and run with it. Although this tale is apocryphal, the Rugby World Cup trophy is named after him. Rugby football stems from the form of game played at Rugby School, which old pupils initially took to university; Old Rugbeian Albert Pell, a student at Cambridge, is credited with having formed the first football team. During this early period different schools used different rules, with former pupils from Rugby and Eton attempting to carry their preferred rules through to their universities. Significant events in the early development of rugby football were the production of the first set of written laws at Rugby School in 1845, the Blackheath Clubs decision to leave the Football Association in 1863 and the formation of the Rugby Football Union in 1871. The code was originally known simply as rugby football; it was not until after a schism in 1895, which resulted in the separate code of rugby league, that the name rugby union came to be used for the game itself. Supporters of both codes will frequently refer to theirs as merely rugby or rugby football, unless they are differentiating between the two. The first rugby football international took place on 27 March 1871, played between England and Scotland. By 1881 both Ireland and Wales had representative teams, and in 1883 the first international competition, the Home Nations Championship had begun. 1883 also saw the first rugby sevens tournament at Melrose called the Melrose Sevens, which is still held annually. Five years later two important overseas tours took place; a British Isles team visited Australia and New Zealand—although a private venture, it laid the foundations for future British and Irish Lions tours; and the 1888 New Zealand Native team brought the first overseas team to British spectators. From 1905 through to 1907, all three major Southern Hemisphere rugby countries sent their first touring teams to the Northern Hemisphere; Dave Gallahers New Zealand in 1905, followed by Paul Roos South Africa in 1906 and then Herbert Morans Australia. All three teams brought new styles of play, fitness levels and tactics, and were far more successful than critics at first believed. 1905 also saw the first French internationals. The years during the First World War saw an end of international rugby union games and union-sponsored club matches, but competitions continued with service teams such as the New Zealand Army team. The Second World War saw an end of international matches from most countries, though Italy, Germany and Romania played a limited number of games, and Cambridge and Oxford continued their annual University Match. In 1973 the first officially sanctioned international sevens tournament took place at Murrayfield, as part of the Scottish Rugby Union centenary celebrations. In 1987 the first Rugby World Cup was held in New Zealand and Australia, and the inaugural winners were New Zealand. The first World Cup Sevens tournament was held at Murrayfield in 1993. Rugby union was an amateur sport until the IRB declared the game open in 1995, removing restrictions on payments to players. However, the pre-1995 period of rugby union was marked by frequent accusations of shamateurism, including an investigation in Britain by a House of Commons Select committee. [pic] The only known portrait of William Webb Ellis Rugby union differs from association football (soccer) in that the hands can be employed to move the ball. However, a player can only pass the ball backwards or laterally (i. e. not forward) to another player, or kick it. This means that the majority of progress made by an attacking team occurs through a leap frog cycle of passing the ball, running to make ground, being tackled and repeating this process. Each of these cycles (greatly simplified) is called a phase of play. Rugby union includes the concept of advantage (not to be confused with the advantage line). If one team commits an infraction of the Laws, the referee will not stop play if the opposing team is in a position to gain a territorial or tactical advantage from the mistake. Instead, he calls advantage and allows play to continue until he judges that adequate advantage has accrued, when he calls advantage over, and play continues as if the original infraction had not occurred. If he deems that no advantage can accrue, the referee will stop play and award a scrum, free kick or penalty, as appropriate, at the site of the original infraction. The question of what is advantage and how long play should be allowed to continue to see if any advantage is gained, is a moot point: the referee is the sole judge of what constitutes advantage and different referees can and do take different approaches to this question. But in general, if in subsequent advantage play a team has the chance to do what they could have done if the referee had stopped play for the infraction, then advantage has been gained and the referee will call advantage over. So, for instance, suppose a team commits an infraction that would result in their opponents being awarded a scrum. If their opponents are able to take clean possession of the ball and advance it following the infraction, then they have done what they would have been able to do from a scrum — advantage is thus over. If on the other hand their possession is messy or closely contested then there is no advantage, and the referee will (or should) award the original scrum. Advantage play automatically ends if the team seeking advantage commits an infringement itself: normally, they would then be awarded the consequences of the original infringement, but if they commit an act of foul play, then they will (or should) be penalised directly themselves.

Essay --

Courage and Honesty in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Approximately 6000 years ago in the late 1300’s, a poem by the title of â€Å"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight† was written by an anonymous author. The poem was initially written in medieval literature with a very unique rhyme scheme, but was later translated to regular English for the purpose of studying and reading by high school students and researchers. The setting in the beginning of the story is in King Arthurs Court at a New Years Celebration. The celebration seems to be going well until the arrival of an uninvited guest. The Green Knight is introduced to the story when he arrives at the feast and asks the bulk of knights if they are willing to join him in a game. The point of the game is that he will allow which ever knight that chooses to challenge him one swing with an ax to try and chop off his head, but in order to play the game, the accepting knight must meet the green knight one year later at the green chapel so that he may do the same. After a great deal of taunting, the Green knight had finally provoked one of King Arthurs knights to accept his challenge. It just so happens that the bold knight Sir Gawain was the knight to step up to the plate. With only one swing, Sir Gawain is successful in chopping off the Green Knights head. To much astonishment, immediately after the knight is decapitated, he stands up, picks up h is head and is on his way. After a year, Sir Gawain sets off a journey to find the Green Chapel. While on his travels, Sir Gawain arrives at castle and is invited by the Lord to stay for the remainder of his trip.On the first morning of his stay, the Lord makes a deal with Sir Gawain. The deal is that the Lord will go out and search for the Green Cas... ...ed what he got. On the third day while the lord was hunting his wife gives Gawain this magic girdle that she tells him it will save him from the green knight. Gawain takes it and doesn't share what was rightfully the lords. For that woven garment you wear is my own girdle. My wife wove it, *so I know it well. I have missed no facts concerning your acts and kisses, Nor my wife's wooing of you; I brought it all about. I sent her to test you. You withstood her stoutly. You're the most faultless solider who walks on foot! This is explaining how the lord set up this trap for Gawain to fall into. This was to test his honesty and see if he would share this magic girdle that would save his life. Gawain was to the point were he wasn't looking to be honest with the lord and give him back the girdle. He knew if would of given up the girdle the green knight would of killed him.

School Captain Speech

4. Social Justice | | Personal Statement of Intent: This Statement will be published electronically on the Intranet for all staff and students to read.Your statement should be no more than 200 words. You should consider the following questions: Why do you think you would be an appropriate Middle School Leader? I think I would be an appropriate middle school leader for these reasons I always show respect towards the teachers and my friends, i am always open minded to new opportunities and new things that arise. I am really confident, responsible and motivated. I show high participation for the music ensembles that I take part in every week and early in the morning.I have been a school captain before at my old school in the junior school so I have plenty of experience in public speaking. What qualities do you possess to accomplish the tasks and responsibilities associated with being a leader? I will show responsibility, enthusiasm, maturity, open minded I am trustworthy so people can t rust me. I always possess honesty and wisdom and confidence. Also I am always positive and I listen to what other people have to say.If you were successful, what would you aim to achieve in your leadership position? I would step up to my big leadership position as I would have big shoes to fill as school captain which I can do easily and all my peers and teachers are relying on me to do a good job as a leader for 2013. especially Mrs Janssens is relying on me to do a good job if I get school captain or the vice captain and in someone’s absence I would step up to the job straight away which I would always be happy to do. School Captain Speech 4. Social Justice | | Personal Statement of Intent: This Statement will be published electronically on the Intranet for all staff and students to read.Your statement should be no more than 200 words. You should consider the following questions: Why do you think you would be an appropriate Middle School Leader? I think I would be an appropriate middle school leader for these reasons I always show respect towards the teachers and my friends, i am always open minded to new opportunities and new things that arise. I am really confident, responsible and motivated. I show high participation for the music ensembles that I take part in every week and early in the morning.I have been a school captain before at my old school in the junior school so I have plenty of experience in public speaking. What qualities do you possess to accomplish the tasks and responsibilities associated with being a leader? I will show responsibility, enthusiasm, maturity, open minded I am trustworthy so people can t rust me. I always possess honesty and wisdom and confidence. Also I am always positive and I listen to what other people have to say.If you were successful, what would you aim to achieve in your leadership position? I would step up to my big leadership position as I would have big shoes to fill as school captain which I can do easily and all my peers and teachers are relying on me to do a good job as a leader for 2013. especially Mrs Janssens is relying on me to do a good job if I get school captain or the vice captain and in someone’s absence I would step up to the job straight away which I would always be happy to do.

Implementation of Lsb Steganography and Its Evaluation for Various File Formats

Int. J. Advanced Networking and Applications Volume: 02, Issue: 05, Pages: 868-872 (2011) 868 Implementation of LSB Steganography and its Evaluation for Various File Formats V. Lokeswara Reddy Department of CSE, K. S. R. M. College of Engg. , Kadapa, A. P. India Email: [email  protected] com Dr. A. Subramanyam Dept. of CSE, AITS, Rajampet, Y. S. R. (Kadapa) Dist.. A. P. Dr. P. Chenna Reddy Dept. of CSE, JNTUCE, Pulivendula, Y. S. R. (Kadapa) Dist.. A. P. ———————————————————————ABSTRACT————————————————————-Steganography is derived from the Greek word steganos which literally means â€Å"Covered† and graphy means â€Å"Writing†, i. e. covered writing. Steganography refers to the science of â€Å"invisible† communication. For hiding secret information in various file formats, there exists a large variety of steganographic techniques some are more complex than others and all of them have respective strong and weak points. The Least Significant Bit (LSB) embedding technique suggests that data can be hidden in the least significant bits of the cover image and the human eye would be unable to notice the hidden image in the cover file. This technique can be used for hiding images in 24-Bit, 8-Bit, Gray scale format. This paper explains the LSB Embedding technique and Presents the evaluation for various file formats. Keywords: Steganography, Least Significant Bit (LSB), GIF, PNG, BMP. ——————————————————————————————————————-Date of Submission: 24, August 2010 Date of Acceptance: 08 November 2010 are transferred through unknown cover carriers in such a manner that the very existence of the embedded messages is undetectable. Carriers include images ; audio, video, text or any other digitally represented code or transmission. The hidden message may be plaintext, cipher text or anything that can be represented as a bit stream. II. IMAGE STEGANOGRAPHY Image compression techniques are extensively used in steganography. Among the two types of image compressions, lossy compression and loss less compression; lossless compression formats offer more promises. Lossy compression compression may not maintain the original image’s integrity. Lossless compression maintains the original image data exactly, hence it is prefered. Example of Lossy compression format is JPEG format files. Examples of Lossless compression formats are GIF[3] and BMP formats. We have used an 8-bit image size for implementation of our steganography. Improvement in stegnographic techniques is make it possible to apply the Detecting LSB Steganography in Colour and Gray- Scale Images which were confined to gray scale images in the initial stages The difficulty in colour images control is solved later on in many techniques such as the analysis of the variation of the gradient energy. The secret message embedded in the target image is detected in both gray and colour images, and the length of the embedded message is estimated [5, 6]. ——————————————————————————————————————-I. INTRODUCTION Digital content is now posing formidable challenges to content developers, aggregators, distributors and users. Th e destruction, extraction or modification of the embedded message is required to develop more robust systems so that the digital content processing and organization becomes easy. Cryptography was created as a technique for securing the secrecy of communication and many different methods have been developed to encrypt and decrypt data in order to keep the message secret. Unfortunately it is sometimes not enough to keep the contents of a message secret, it may also be necessary to keep the existence of the message secret. The technique used to implement this, is called steganography. The shift from cryptography to stegnography is due to that concealing the image existence as stegno-images enable to embeded the secret message to cover images. Steganography conceptually implies that the message to be transmitted is not visible to the informal eye. Steganography has been used for thousands of years to transmit data without being intercepted by unwanted viewers. It is an art of hiding information inside information. The main objective of Steganography is mainly concerned with the protection of contents of the hidden information. Images are ideal for information hiding[1,2] because of the large amount of redundant space is created in the storing of images. Secret messages Int. J. Advanced Networking and Applications Volume: 02, Issue: 05, Pages: 868-872 (2011) III. HIDING METHODS IN IMAGE STEGANOGRAPHY In Image Steganography, There are a variety of methods using which information can be hidden in images. Least Significant Bit Replacement Technique: In image steganography almost all data hiding techniques try to alter insignificant information in the cover image. Least significant bit (LSB) insertion is a common, simple approach to embedding information in a cover image. For instance, a simple scheme proposed, is to place the embedding data at the least significant bit (LSB) of each pixel in the cover image[7,8,9] . The altered image is called stego-image. Altering LSB doesn’t change the quality of image to human perception but this scheme is sensitive a variety of image processing attacks like compression, cropping etc. We will be emphasizing more on this technique for the various image formats. Moderate Significant Bit Replacement Technique: The moderate significant bits of each pixel in the cover image can be used to embed the secret message. This method improves sensitivity to modification, but it degrades the quality of stego-image. Experiments have shown that the length of hidden messages embedded in the least significant bits of signal samples can be estimated with relatively high precision. IV. THE LSB TECHNIQUE The least significant bit i. e. the eighth bit inside an image is changed to a bit of the secret message. When using a 24bit image, one can store 3 bits in each pixel by changing a bit of each of the red, green and blue colour components, since they are each represented by a byte. An 800? 600 pixel image, can thus store a total amount of 1,440,000 bits or 180,000 bytes of embedded data. As an example, suppose that we have three adjacent pixels (9 bytes) with the RGB encoding. 10010101 00001101 11001001 10010110 00001111 11001011 10011111 00010000 11001011 When the number 300, can be which binary representation is 100101100 embedded into the least significant bits of this part of the image. If we overlay these 9 bits over the LSB of the 9 bytes above, we get the following (where bits in bold have been changed) 10010101 00001100 11001000 10010111 00001110 11001011 10011111 00010000 11001010 Here the number 300 was embedded into the grid, only the 5 bits needed to be changed according to the embedded message. On average, only half of the bits in an image will need to be modified to hide a secret message using the maximum cover size. Since there are 869 256 possible intensities of each primary colour, changing the LSB of a pixel results in small changes in the intensity of the colours. The human eye cannot perceive these changes – thus the message is successfully hidden. With a well-chosen image, one can even hide the message in the LSB without noticing the difference[10]. Fig. 1 Block Diagram for implemented Logic of LSB embedding V. DESIGN DETAILS This section focuses on algorithms Steganography and Steganalysis[10] A. Algorithm for Hiding (Steganography) 1. 2. 3. Read the original image and the image which is to be hidden in the original image Shift the image to hide in the cover image by X bits. And the original image or cover image with 240 which is 11110000 So four MSB’s set to 0. Because of this only four LSB’s considered further. The shifted hidden image and the result of step 3 are bitored. This makes changes only in the X LSB bits so that the image is hidden in the original image. of LSB 4. In MATLAB we convert it to unit8 format. This image can be called as the stego image B. Algorithm for Steganalysis 1. The stego image is bit shifted by 4 bits since it was shifted by 4 bits to insert it into the original image. 2. The image is the ANDED with 255 i. e. , 11111111, which gives the original image. It is ANDED with 255 because initially all the LSB’s were made 0. Now it is recovered back. 3. To get it to Unit8 format we, convert it back to unit8 which is the extracted image. Int. J. Advanced Networking and Applications Volume: 02, Issue: 05, Pages: 868-872 (2011) that a message is being passed is being achieved. C. LSB in GIF 870 Fig. 2: Block Diagram for Steganalysis VI. IMAGE ANALYSIS A. LSB in BMP The BMP file format also called bitmap or DIB file format (for device-independent bitmap), is an image file format used to store bitmap digital images. Since BMP is not widely used the suspicion might arise, if it is transmitted with an LSB stego. When image are used as the carrier in Steganography they are generally manipulated by changing one or more of the bits of the byte or bytes that make up the pixels of an image. The message can be stored in the LSB of one colour of the RGB value or in the parity bit of the entire RGB value. A BMP is capable of hiding quite a large message. LSB in BMP is most suitable for applications, where the focus is on the amount of information to be transmitted and not on the secrecy of that information. If more number of bits is altered, it may result in a larger possibility that the altered bits can be seen with the human eye. But with the LSB the main objective of Steganography is to pass a message to a receiver without an intruder even knowing that a message is being passed is being achieved. B. LSB in PNG Portable Network Graphics (PNG) is a bitmapped image format that employs lossless data compression. PNG was created to improve upon and replace GIF. Since PNG is widely used the suspicion might not arise if it is transmitted with an LSB stego. When images are used as the carrier in Steganography they are generally manipulated by changing one or more of the bits of the byte or bytes that make up the pixels of an image. The message can be stored in the LSB of one colour of the RGB value or in the parity bit of the entire RGB value . A PNG is capable of hiding quite a large message. LSB in PNG is most suitable for applications where the focus is on the amount of information to be transmitted and not on the secrecy of that information. If more number of bits is altered it may result in a larger possibility that the altered bits can be seen with the human eye. But with the LSB the main objective of steganography i s to pass a message to a receiver without an intruder even knowing Graphics interchange format also known as GIF is one of the machine independent compressed formats for storing images. Since GIF images only have a bit depth of 8, amount of information that can be hidden is less than with BMP. Embedding information in GIF images using LSB results in almost the same results as those of using LSB with BMP. LSB in GIF is a very efficient algorithm to use when embedding a reasonable amount of data in a grayscale image. GIF images are indexed images where the colours used in the image are stored in a palette. It is sometimes referred to as a colour lookup table. Each pixel is represented as a single byte and the pixel data is an index to the colour palette. The colours of the palette are typically ordered from the most used colour to the least used colours to reduce lookup time. Some extra care is to be taken if the GIF images are to be used for Steganography. This is because of the problem with the palette approach. If the LSB of a GIF image is changed using the palette approach, it may result in a completely different colour. This is because the index to the colour palette is changed. The change in the resulting image is noticeable if the adjacent palette entries are not similar. But the change is not noticeable if the adjacent palette entries are similar. Most applications that use LSB methods on GIF images have low security because it is possible to detect even moderate change in the image. Solutions to these problems could be 1. Sort the palette so that the colour difference between consecutive colours is minimized 2. Add new colours, which are visually similar to the existing colours in the palette. 3. Use Gray scale images. In a 8 bit Gray scale GIF image, there are 256 shades of gray. This results in gradual changes in the colours and it is hard to detect. VII. EXPERIMENTED RESULTS Following experimental results highlights on 8 bit LSB Steganography. A. Results for . png image 8 bit stego image Int. J. Advanced Networking and Applications Volume: 02, Issue: 05, Pages: 868-872 (2011) 871 B. Results for . bmp file 8 bit stego image PSNR is measured in decibels (dB). PSNR is a good measure for comparing restoration results for the same image, but between-image comparisons of PSNR are meaningless. MSE and PSNR values for each file format is shown in table 1. Table 1: Image quality metrics for bmp file Cover image 224. 948 24. 6100 Stego image 244. 162 24. 2540 Cover- Stego image 69. 826 29. 690 MSE PSNR Stego Recovered IX. EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT TECHNIQUES There are many steganographic algorithms available. One should select the best available algorithm for the given application. Following characteristics are to be evaluated while selecting a particular file format for Steganography. Steganography says that the secret message is to be hidden and it should result in an distortion less image. The distortion must not be visible to the human eye. The amount of data embedded in the image also plays an important role. The algorithm decides how much amount of data could be embedded in the image resulting in a distortion less image. Steganalysis is the technique of detecting the hidden information in the image. The algorithm for Steganography must be such that the steganalysis algorithms should fail. i. e the Steganography algorithms must not be prune to attacks on steganalysis. During communication the intruder could check the original image to remove the hidden information.. He/she may manipulate the image. This manipulation may include cropping or rotation etc of the images. The manipulations done may cause the image distortion. Steganographic algorithms chosen must be such that it overcomes such manipulation and the steganographic data reaches the destination in the required format. VIII. EVALUATION OF IMAGE QUALITY For comparing stego image with cover results requires a measure of image quality, commonly used measures are Mean-Squared Error, Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio[3] and histogram. A. Mean-Squared Error The mean-squared error (MSE) between two images I1(m,n) and I2(m,n) is: M and N are the number of rows and columns in the input images, respectively. Mean-squared error depends strongly on the image intensity scaling. A mean-squared error of 100. 0 for an 8-bit image (with pixel values in the range 0-255) looks dreadful; but a MSE of 100. 0 for a 10- bit image (pixel values in [0,1023]) is barely noticeable B. Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) avoids this problem by scaling the MSE according to the image range Int. J. Advanced Networking and Applications Volume: 02, Issue: 05, Pages: 868-872 (2011) Table 2: Comparison of LSB technique for various file formats LSB LSB LSB In BMP in GIF In PNG Percentage Distortion less High Medium High resultant image Invisibility Steganalysis detection Image manipulation Amount of embedded data Payload capacity Independent of file format X. CONCLUSION Since BMP uses lossless compression, LSB makes use of BMP image. To be able to hide a secret message inside a BMP file, one would require a very large cover image. BMP images of 800? 600 pixels found to have less web applications. Moreover such uses are not accepted as valid. For this reason, LSB Steganography has also been developed for use with other image file formats. Although only some of the main image steganographic techniques were discussed in this paper, one can see that there exists a large selection of approaches to hiding information in images. All the major image file formats have different methods of hiding messages, with different strong and weak points respectively. LSB in GIF images has the potential of hiding a large message, but only when the most suitable cover image has been chosen. High Low Low High High Low Medium Low Low Medi um Medi um Low Medium Low Low Medium Medium High Authors Biography 872 Steganography: Seeing the Unseen†, Computer Journal, February 1998. [5] Li Zhi,Sui Ai Fen. , â€Å"Detection of Random LSB Image Steganography† The IEEE 2003 International Symposium on Persona1,lndoor and Mobile Radio Communication Proceedings, 2004. [6] Jessica Fridrich, Miroslav Goljan, and Rui Du. , â€Å"Detecting LSB Steganography in Color and GrayScale Images†, – IEEE Multimedia. [7] F. Collin,Encryptpic,† http://www. winsite. com/bin/ Info? 500000033023. [8] G. Pulcini, Stegotif,† http://www. geocities. om /SiliconValley/9210/gfree. html. [9] T. Sharp, Hide 2. 1, 2001,†www. sharpthoughts. org. [ 10] Deshpande Neeta, Kamalapur Snehal, Daisy Jacobs â€Å"Implementation of LSB Steganography and Its Evaluation for Various Bits† Digital Information Management, 2006 1st International conference. pp 173-178,2007. V. Lokeswara Reddy did his M. Tech (CSE) from SRM University, Chennai in the year 2005. He did his M. C. A from S. V. University, Tirupati in the year 2000. He is pursuing his Ph. D from JNTUA, Anantapur. He has a total of 09 years of experience in teaching. Currently he is working as Associate Professor at K. S. R. M College of Engineering, Kadapa. He has presented 2 papers in International and National Conferences. Dr. A. Subramanyam received his Ph. D. degree in Computer Science and Engineering from JNTU College of Engineering, Anantapur. He has obtained his B. E. (ECE) from University of Madras and M. Tech. (CSE) from Visweswaraiah Technological University. He is having 17 years experience in teaching. He is currently working as Professor & HOD in the Department of Computer Science and Engineering of Annamacharya Institute of Technology & Sciences, Rajampet, Y. S. R. (Kadapa) Dist. A. P. He has presented and published number of papers in International and National Conferences, International and National Journals. He is guiding few Ph. D. s. His research areas of interest are parallel processing, network security and data warehousing. Dr. P. Chenna Reddy did his B. Tech (CSE) from S. V. University College of Engineering, Tirupati in the year 1996. He did his M. Tech from JNTU, Anantapur. He completed his Ph. D from JNTU, Hyderabad. He has a total of 13 years of experience in teaching. Currently he is working as Associate Professor at JNTUA College of Engineering, Pulivendula, Y. S. R. (Kadapa) Dist. , A. P. He has number of publications to his credit. References [1] Pfitzmann Birgit. Information Hiding Terminology, First International Workshop, Cambridge, UK, Proceedings, Computer Science, 1174. pp. 347-350, May–June. [2] Westfield Andreas and Andreas Pfitzmann, Attacks on Steganographic Systems, Third International Workshop, IH'99 Dresden Germany, October Proceedings, Computer Science 1768. pp. 61- 76, 1999. [3] Moerland, T. , â€Å"Steganography and Steganalysis†, Leiden Institute of Advanced Computing

Giuseppe Parini essays

Giuseppe Parini essays Giuseppe Parini nato a Bosisio presso Milano, nel 1729, appare nella seconda met del 700 non solo come il rinnovatore della poesia italiana. Ebbe un atteggiamento problematico nei confronti dellIlluminismo francese (Voltaire e Rousseau). ...quando ebbe notizia di ci che accadeva nella violenta Rivoluzione francese, gett moltacqua sul fuoco. Ne respinse le posizioni antireligiose ed edonistiche; credendo nella religione come principio di ordine civile e rifiutando le maniere violente. Credette nella parit e uguaglianza degli uomini e nella necessit di riconoscere ad ogni individio, a prescindere dalla classe sociale, una pari dignit umana. A detta del De Santis, il magior critico dell800, Parini luomo della nostra letteratura, colui che ha ridato dignit alla parola, caduta nel cattivo gusto nellarte barocca prima e dal melodrama dopo. Parini intese la letteratura e larte quale supreme magistero educativo, in grado di migliorare la societ Si impegn a diffondere con le sue poesie una moderata razionalit in tutta la vita sociale, cercando di rimuovere I pregiudizi e le prepotenze che deformano I reali rapporti fra uomini e a far sviluppare le conoscenze pratiche capaci di renderli pià ¹ felici. Parini critic la classe aristocratica sul piano economico perch spese le ricchezze che derivarono dal lavoro altrui. Il loro ozio perch non si dedicarono allo studio ed anche nel piano civile perch non cercarono di farsi amare dal pubblico. Ma ci non significa chegli abbia voluto un annientamento dalla nobilit, tuttaltro, egli volle semplicemente un cambio di rotta di certi nobili, che utilizzarono la loro superbia per far valere la loro posizione sociale. La nobilt non dovrebbe essere eliminata ma dovrebbe p ...

The Arab American Heritage Month

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Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 6

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Anaylses of Ishıgura's The Remains of the Day through the issues Essay

Anaylses of IshÄ ±gura's The Remains of the Day through the issues of Stevens roles, persona,repression,deception and self deceit - Essay Example Firstly, the character of Mr. Stevens the Butler is depicted brilliantly in the novel by bringing out the subtleties and nuances of emotion and internal conflict. Mr. Stevens is quite reserved and introverted by natural disposition, whose manifestations take inhuman proportions when he adds qualities of orthodox professionalism to his work. Mr. Stevens’ work ethic is centered on a particular understanding of â€Å"dignity†, which requires him to focus exclusively on serving his master, in his case Lord Darlington and compels him to remain insulated from external circumstances of the lives of both. It is also made clear that Mr. Stevens is not unaware of the dangers of this pattern of behavior, as suggested by his sense of guilt. But it is not much later in the narrative, after the calamitous developments of the Second World War under the Nazi command that Mr. Stevens admits to his betrayal and guilt. The Butler’s code of conduct, which Mr. Stevens immaculately in culcates in him turns into an affliction, when he completely subordinates his personal feelings and aspects of his persona to the dictates of that code of conduct. In other words, his role as the Butler of the Darlington house blinds him from being critical of his employee and induces a sense of moral numbness, which is reflected in other aspects of his life, as discussed in the next paragraph. Mr. Stevens exhibits such extreme measures of restraint and reserve in his demeanor that it reflects in his speech as well. Not only does he ever indulge in small banter but his language and choice of words represent a Victorian sensibility and professionalism that borders on being mechanical and inhuman. Kazuo Ishiguro mildly suggests that such understanding of one’s professional role eliminates all qualities of humanness from the individual. Another feature of is personality is his tendency to hide unpleasant facts

Operations Management for Competitive Advantage

Operations Management for Competitive Advantage Introduction : Operations Management is present in many occupations as well as those of manufacturing and service industries. I believe it to be present in daily duties of any person although they may never notice. With this in mind I see operations management as a skill anyone has with an aim of achieving an outcome of something they are working towards in a logical process with thought of awareness of a system structure. Operations management has been around for some time yet it was Christopher Polhelm (Sweden) first recognised a skill and recorded that Nothing increases demand so much as low prices. Therefore there is a great need of machines and appliances which will diminish the amount or intensity of heavy work (Extract from text book Operations Management supplied by DMU for open learning please see bibliography) this was around 1700. 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ÂÂ   Cost: The membership prices need to be a suitable price to facilitate students and people with different financial situations. The cost of hiring employment needs to be considered as well as the cost of the equipment. The lower the cost of producing their services, the lower the cost to the customer will be. This is a very attractive attribute, especially to students. Speed: The speed of the internal processes can reduce inventories and reduce risks. Dependability: The staffs want to be able to do things in time for the customers to receive their services. Being reliable causes the customers to become more loyal over time. Dependability can save time, save money and give support throughout the operation, internally and externally. In this assignment I try to focus on above all objectives and how manufacturing process is going? How much time taking each Department for their work? Why occur delay for delivery to Customer? Whats role of Human Resources in maintain Quality, Cost and Time? Why storage is create scarcity of space? Why quality is going down? Product value and Customer satisfaction Etc. Operation management find out best solution before arise problem. Operation Management is helpful for Decision making, Developing a process strategy, managing effective project, process analysing, Demand Forecasting, managing Quality, planning Capacity, managing Inventories etc. In this assignment I researched on Rama Newsprint Papers Ltd, India, which is largest private paper Production Company. It is running by more than 2000 workforce. This is manufacturing Cream Wove, Super printing, base paper for coating, map litho; SS map litho, Copier paper and newsprint etc. It has $ 50 million equity or spread over in 400 ac res land. RNPL has also own 23 mw Power plants. This company is huge in paper industry sector and I am sure it will be increase my knowledge in Operation management and its systems. Manufacturing Process of Newsprint Paper : The paper industry is basically based on wood and wood based pulp. But Rama Newsprint is produce paper by Recycling process. This plan is zero wastage process plans. Wastepaper is a key input in the production of newsprint, packaging paper and paperboards. Production of specialty paper involves the use of different varieties of pulp, which lend special quality to the paper. Here below illustrate whole manufacturing process of paper. R D and QC Department : This department play important role in manufacturing process. R D department is continuously taking sample from Raw material, Deinking and Paper machine for checking quality of ongoing process and find out anything wrong in the process. As per operation management quality is very important issue and this is handled by R D and QC department. Raw materials Department : Paper manufacturing is start from Raw materials department. This department is using Virgin Pulp, Local/Imported old newspaper (ONP), News Pams, Mixed office waste, Old Telephone Directory, Old magazine grade (OMG) for raw materials. But these all materials are available in wastage paper. This department is sorting fibre, plastic, iron, dust etc from west paper. Sorting is important part of process. If sorting is not good, quality of paper will be bad. This is very sensitive department and root of the process. This department retain maximum labour for sorting work. After sorting process this wastage paper send to Deinking department and complete their work. ( Ref C : http://www.madehow.com/images/hpm_0000_0006_0_img0128.jpg ) Deinking Department : After completion of Raw materials sorting process, Deinking department is ready to start next process. In this department waste papers have been mixes with water and wash by Chemical. This departments core work is removing Ink from paper and converts in to Pulp by mixing Sodium hydroxide and sodium sulphide. The chips close into pulp in the resolution. Next the pulp is sent through filters.ÂÂ  BleachÂÂ  may be added at this stage, or colourings. The pulp is sent to the paper plant. Thats for this department called De-Inking. In this stage also mix some chemical for create brightness in paper and which is providing by CAPP department. This completed Pulp has been send to paper Machine Department and finished their work. Paper Machine Department : The pulp is next put through a beating and squeezing course called, properly enough, pasting. Inside a large container, the pulp is subjected to the produce of machine beaters. At this point, various packing materials can be supplementary such as chalks, clays, or chemicals such as titanium oxide. These additives will control the dullness and other qualities of the final product. Sizings are also added at this point. Sizing affects the way the paper will react with various inks. ( Ref C : http://www.madehow.com/images/hpm_0000_0006_0_img0128.jpg ) In instruct to ultimately revolve the pulp into paper, the pulp is fed or pumped into colossal, automated machines. One ordinary category is called the Fourdrinier instrument. Pulp is fed into the Fourdrinier machine on a touching belt of bright mesh selection. The pulp is squeezed through a series of rollers, while suction strategy under the belt drains rotten water. If the paper is to obtain a water-mark, a device called a dandy moves across the sheet of pulp and presses a design into it. The paper then moves on top of the press part of the machine, where it is pushed between rollers of wool felt. The paper then passes over a series of steam-heated cylinders to eradicate the left over water. A large machine may have from 45 to 65 aeration cylinders. Finishing House Department: Finally, the dried paper is injuring onto large reels, where it will be additional processed depending on its last use. Paper is round and packed in further by passing through metal rollers called calendars. A particular finish, whether supple and waterless or solid and glossy, can be imparted by the calendars. The paper may be further ended by passing through a container of sizing material. It may also obtain a covering, which is either brushed on or rolled on. Covering ads chemicals or pigments to the papers outside, supplementing the sizing and fillers from previous in the course. Fine clay is often used as a covering. The paper may after that be supercalendered, that is, run from first to last extremely silky calendar rollers, for a closing time. Then the paper is cut to the wanted size. Product Wear House Department : This is the final stage of Paper process. This stage PWH department is packing cutter paper and send to storage or customer. This department is storage paper size wise on different place. Whenever requirement arise easy to find out and send to customer. Product life cycle of RNPL : When offering papers product to customer is that they have a variety. They have an enormous number of a ways of expenses their money and spaces to spend it. Therefore, Rama newsprint papers places considerable emphasises on developing a new paper product which customers want. Market research establishes exactly what this is. However customers requirements change overtime. What is fashionable and eye-catching today may be excess tomorrow. Marketing constantly monitors customers first choice. In order to assemble these changes, RNPL has tried to launch new product with change in old product. The type of selling undertaken and the amount invested will be dissimilar, depending on the phase a product has reached. For example, the begin on of a new product will classically involve television and other advertising support. At several time a company will have a variety of assets, a share portfolio integrated shares in a range of different companies of product each in a diverse phase of life cycle. Some of RNPLs option is going constant at the growth stage. Paper is a daily use product but not much profit making industry. In Indian market more than 800 paper industries are running in paper sector. So competition is on high level and also tough. Thats reason is for paper industries are not reach to maturity level of product life cycle. Process Flow Chart : A process chart is a set method of documenting all the activities performed by a person or group at a workplace, with a customer, or working with certain materials. It analyzes a process using a table, and provides information about each step in the process. It is used to drill down to the job level for an individual person, a team or a focused nested process. In this process five categories. Process flow chart with easy to identify gap between two process and this is giving idea to management for generating idea for resolve it. On below chart easy to identify marketing department send order to PWH department on right time. But lack of efficiency of PWH department, they are not putting in to process and make a delay. Also PWH department is looking storage department. But there negligence on work create scare of place. Here paper machine department have good efficiency in spite of they cannot work due to scarcity of space. So whole operations in PWH department is making delay in process. Quality Circle : Quality is important part in Paper Industry. If industry ignore to this concept, They will be loose their customer and lose their image in market. Rama Newsprint papers Ltd is also believe in this concept and Quality circle implemented in organisation. RNPL established department wise Quality circle committee and they meet to one time in a week. They discussed regarding problem, production, cost reduction idea, new technology, participative management, Decision making on new things etc.. They are tried to solve problem at department level. If its not possible than bring it to management level and search solution. Quality circle is good concept in management theory and RNPL completely follow to this and short out problem on root level and avoid delay. This is also responsible for cost saving and quality improvement. Porters Value Chain Michael Porter (1985) the strategic inventor of the Porter Value Chain constructed a chain effect understanding that every business should implement for logical understanding and awareness of its inputs and outputs as a business. He separated the business functions into primary and secondary methods, primary being dedicated to the product or service and secondary being supportive methods to aid the primary. Porters (Michael Porter 1985) Value Chain (VC). From the model suggests, that no issue how many operational units that are concerned in the course of generating customer value; these primary actions can be conceptualised into five common stages. The five primary stages are inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, marketing and sales, and service. These primary stages are supported by the firms infrastructure, human resource management, technology development, and purchasing and procurement. The stages within the VC should not be seen in segregation but looked at in a wider context and include the connections between stages not just within the processes. The relationship between sales, operations and procurement for instance can determine how much stock is to be carried and therefore reflected in cost of inventory held. ( Ref Book Operation Management Processes and Supply Chain Lee, Larry Manoj ) Value activities are divided in to two types, Primary activities and support activities. Primary activities involved in the physical creation of the product, sales and transportation to the buyers as well as after sells services. Primary activity alienated into five categories. Support activities are support to primary activities and each other given that purchased inputs, technology, human resources and various firm-wide functions. Primary Activities : The primary activities of the organisation are group in to five main areas: Inbound logistics : RNPL concerned with receiving, storming and distributing the inputs to the products. In this included raw materials, handling, stock control, transportation etc.. Operation : the transformation of these various inputs into the final paper or newsprint : machine, packaging, testing etc. Outbound logistics : The collection, storage and distribution of the product to customers. In RNPL involves Product were house activities, material handling, transportation etc. In this part most important to bring services to customer on fixed location. Marketing sales : in this part RNPL create their own image in paper industry by advertising, highest production per day and strong administration department. Also loosening with customer and take a feed back of customer. Services : all the activities depend upon services after sells. After sells services consist of installation, start up of product, replacement, warranties etc. RNPL also provide quality assurance guarantees to customer. Support Activities : The support activities divided in to four areas. Procurement: all primary activity have been refers to the process of acquiring the various resource. This is the main part of the organisation. Human Resource management: RNPL is very poor about human resources and this is the main root of problem. Here value chain is play important role to emphasise more training development, motivation like monitoring non monitoring ways to workforce, recruiting skilled manpower. Technology development : Technology is directly related with product, process or resources. if employees do not understand how to operate equipment, its create big problem for firm. In RNPL most of the workforce recruit experienced with higher pay scale. This is increase production cost to firm. If they create their own workforce by providing T D to old staff is better than higher new staff. Infrastructure : RNPL plan lay out and infrastructure is good but some place require some change. Infrastructure is also consisting of the structure and routines of the organisation that sustain RNPL culture. This all activities are implement perfectly by RNPL is must be require for in competitive terms, value is the amount that buyer are willing to pay for what a firms provided them with product perceived value. Value chain model is very helpful to RNPL for win to paper market and therefore they have to implement and follow above all activities. So value chain is guide to industry how to win market and create own image in market. For RNPL has a value chain is key success. Recommendation : As student I cannot give the exact idea about reading just few papers for the company which is running successfully since 1991. Company has history of19 years they have created their name and fame through their working pattern and workforce who works for them. I am little bit small to evaluated and give the recommendation to the companys board of directors they are the genius in their planning and implementation of their Operation Management systems. 1 ) Most of the companies are manufacturing product depend upon order or make to stock. RNPL is also following these methods. But RNPL not use perfect performance metrics in process and these are the main reason for delay in manufacturing product. As a student I would like to suggest to RNPL, if they will follow some below formula for manufacturing process. Defiantly they will almost achieve their target. Operation time = Setup time Run time Throughput time = Average time for a unit to move through the system Speed = Throughput time Value-added time Cycle Time Example Suppose RNPL had to produce 10 paper roll in 50 hours to meet the demand requirements of a product. There are 3000 minutes (60 minutes/hour x 50 hours) in 50 hours. So the average time between completions would have to be: Cycle time = 3,000/10 roll = 300 minutes. Process Throughput Time Reduction All of this work done after RNPL should apply bellow main three concept for process. A ) It must be execute activities in corresponding. B ) Change the series of activities. C ) Reduce interruptions 2 ) Human Resource Management : Humans are core part of process and they have been a particular platform in Organization. Human is sensitive part of operation management. If employees are not satisfied, organization will loose target. Employees play important role in quality management and have a power to make decision that will improve quality and customer services. Strategic goals for quality and customer satisfaction require teamwork and group participation. RNPL is face lack of satisfaction in their employees and that for so many causes are responsible. I would like to suggest some ideas for implementing in company for success in paper sector. Employees are not satisfied with management systems. Management follows autocratic and close leadership and this is demotivate to employees. If RNPL will understand employees requirement and change the management styles towards employees, definitely company will get incredible growth. Change the management style from Autocratic to Liberal, means employees have been invite for decision making, Quality circle, participation in management, giving more responsibility etc.. These all are motivate to employees for achieving goal. RNPL should more focus on Technical commercial training to employees. Trained workforce is more productive as well qualitative and also Time saver. RNPL should be implement below T D activities through minimise cost, time and maintain quality. Create Apprentice force in the Organisation. Apprentice is productive, cheaper and easy to available. Provide more paper machine operation training to employees and these are useful for minimise cost and increase qualitative production. Job specification has been implementing in Organisation. Employees have been mastery in work through it. These is key of maintain quality, cost and time. Job rotation is also important part of operation. It should be implementing in RNPL. Also provide commercial training like time keeping, communication, leadership, cost reduction etc. 3 ) Raw materials department has been also needed some change for Time saving and Quality maintaining. In sorting work per bunch require maximum 20 to 30 minutes. But lack of inspection on labour makes delay in this process. Also sorting work is not going accurate. This is creating adverse impact on Paper quality and deinking departments system. So as per my suggestion management have to take strict step against labour. 4 ). Product wear house department is end of the manufacturing process part. This department is looking storage, separation and selling work. RNPL has lots of space for storage. In spite of arise scarcity of space due to lack of skilled staff. They have no any proper storage system which is helpful for identify thickness wise paper. So they have to implement storage system like inventory management system. 5 ) Central Engineering stores is located so far away from main core department in plan. Maximum time wasted in collection for equipment from store to concern department. If central department located near to core department, definitely maximum time will be saved by RNPL. Conclusion : I conclude that although most businesses look different in their operation most of them actually are similar because all businesses need a foundation to start off with and when they build from their foundations this is where differences occur because of their overall business plan in the 5 key business function. They are Operations Management, Human Resource Management, Marketing, Accounting Finance and Information Management in which they operate from. They start to defer within the sectors they build their business on as every business has a different way of getting their products and services forward depending on the market they explore in which they try to dominate through success to keep the business alive. They key difference is how they outsource their organisational role and activities all depend on how the business is adapted to operate to meet the demand of the businesss activities. This is vital for the business to fulfil their organisational needs so the operation of the business is flawless and it will maximise their organisational productivity and stability. History of RNPL : ( Appendix 1 ) Rama Newsprint and Papers Ltd is largest private sector in Printing Writing paper manufacturing company at a single spot in India. It has 22 percent capacity of production in Indian newsprint sector, based on Virgin Pulp as well as Recycled fibre, to manufacture either 1,44,000 tonnes per annum of Newsprint or 1,80,000 tonnes per annum of Printing Writing paper or a mix of both. The paper mill was established in 1996. Its is set up with an equity of Rs. 233 crores ( US $ 50 million ) and spread over 450 acres of land in village Barbodhan, Gujarat, India, the company is managed by professional Board of Directors having enormous practice in related fields. The company is able to produce Newsprint and Writing paper from Virgin pulp as well as Non-conventional raw materials. The company has also demonstrated deep commitment to the cause of preserving the environment, by setting up a state of the artÂÂ  facility for manufacture of Environ friendly Chlorine free paper. The Company has its own Power plant and water works, means uninterrupted power and water supply leading to non-stop production. A causative feature is the internal engineering workshop for defensive maintenance and looking after leading to permanent invention of process, quality and productivity. Technical partnership with world best in the newsprint industry and aided by a highly qualified and committed workforce of about 500 personnel has now seen us expand into synergetic industries as well as set up an sell overseas existence in Asia and Africa. Water : RNPL has sufficient water bring for its plants and for general human use from Narmada Water Resources Department, Government of Gujarat. RNPL has also occupied a range of initiatives for water upkeep such as Rain water harvesting, recycling re-use of water in the process of manufacturing. Power : RNPL has 23 MW confined power plant installed at site, which ensures supply of quality power for permanent operation of the plant without any break due to power cuts. RNPL has also reserve unit of 17 MW installed at site. Majority of RNPLs power demand is met through confined plant. However It has power authorize boundary of 8500 KVA for paper mill and 550 KVA for raw water supply intake pump house from Gujarat Electricity Board in case of any possibility or surplus demand. Mission : To establish ourselves as leaders in the paper industry in terms of efficiency, productivity, profitability and above all, customer service..